Muri iyi Si ya none yo mu kinyejana cya 21 cyiswe icy’umuvuduko, abantu baragenda bahura n’ibibazo abayibayeho mu myaka yashize batigeze bahura na byo bikaba ari na byo biba intandaro y’ibibazo n’indwara zo mu mutwe zikomeje kwiyongera mu muryango mugari w’abantu.Abakiri bato babarirwa mu myaka 18 y’amavuko kuzamura ukageza kuri 35 ibarirwamo ab’urubyiruko, usanga ari bo bafite ibyago byinshi byo guhura ibibazo by’uburwayi bwo mu mutwe.
Imibare y’ibitaro bivura indwara zo mu mutwe biri i Ndera, yerekana ko abari hagati y’imyaka 20-35 ari bo bakirwa cyane n’ibi bitaro kubera ibisindisha, ubushomeri, ubwoba bw’ahazaza, amakimbirane mu miryango n’ibindi.Impamvu imwe muri nyinshi ni uko bene aba bo muri iyi myaka bahura n’impinduka nyinshi mu buzima bwabo zibaganisha kuba abantu bakuru bafite inshingano.
Benshi muri aba ni bwo basoza amashuri yabo yaba ayisumbuye cyangwa aya Kaminuza, bagatangira akazi abandi bakajya mu bushomeri na siteresi zo gushaka akazi ‘kabaye ak’ibura’, ndetse bakava mu ngo barerewemo bakajya kwibana aho batangira kwiyishyurira ubukode bw’inzu, kwihahira n’izindi nshingano z’urugo batahoranye bakiri abana.Ni impinduka zitorohera benshi kandi zishobora gutera ukujagarara k’ubwonko cyane ndetse bikaba byavamo ibibazo by’indwara zo mu mutwe.
Icyiyongera kuri iki, ni uko benshi bo muri iyi myaka y’ubugimbi n’ubwangavu ari bwo benshi bashobora kwishora mu ngeso zitari nziza nko gukoresha ibiyobyabwenge biza na byo mu mpamvu zikurura ibibazo byo mu mutwe kurusha ibindi.Bene aba bakiri bato rimwe na rimwe baba bakiri mu mashuri, mu kazi, mu rukundo no ku mbuga nkoranyambaga.
Zimwe mu ndwara zo mu mutwe zikunda kwibasira urubyiruko rwo muri iyi myaka harimo iy’agahinda gakabije (depression) n’iy’umuhangayiko (anxiety).Ni ibibazo by’uburwayi bishobora gutera ibibazo bikomeye mu buzima bw’umuntu iyo bititaweho ndetse ngo ubifite abe yanasanga abaganga bamuvure ubu burwayi nk’ubundi bwose.
Ibibazo byo mu mutwe bishobora kuza mu buryo butandukanye, bikabanza kugira ibimenyetso byoroheje nyuma bikaza gukabya. Bigira ingaruka ku buzima bw’umuntu haba mu kazi, mu ishuri no mu mibanire ye n’abandi. Abantu benshi mu gihe kimwe cyangwa ikindi mu buzima bahura na bene ibi bibazo.
1.Agahinda gakabije: Izwi nka depression mu ndimi z’amahanga. Ni imwe mu ndwara zikunda kuboneka mu bakiri bato. Irangwa n’ibyiyumvo by’agahinda n’akababaro, gicika no kwitakariza icyizere byoyongeraho kwiheba.Umuntu ufite iyi ndwara y’agahinda gakabije ashobora no kugira ibitekerezo byo kwiyahura.
Depression ishobora guterwa n’impamvu nyinshi zirimo ibintu bibi bibaye ku buzima bw’umuntu harimo nk’ihohoterwa, kubura uwawe ariko na none umuntu akaba yayirwara bivuye mu ruhererekane rw’utunyangingo avana ku bo akomokaho.
2.Umuhangayiko: Ibibazo by’umuhangayiko (anxiety) bifatwa nk’ibibazo by’ubuzima bwo mu mutwe ni byo byiganje cyane bitari mu rubyiruko rukiri ruto ahubwo no mu bakuze. Icyakora ubwoba bw’ahazaza buri mu byongera imibare y’abafite iki kibazo mu rubyiruko rufite bene iki kibazo.Ni ibibazo birangwa n’ibyiyumvo by’ubwoba, guhangayika ni kumva nta mahoro n’umutuzo umuntu afite.Hari ibimenyetso by’umuhangayiko bishobora kugaragara ku bice by’umubiri w’umuntu harimo nko kubira ibyuya, guhumeka insigane, gutengurwa no gutera k’umutima ku muvuduko ukabije.Ihungabana ubwaryo rishobora gutera umuntu kugira umuhangayiko bituma umuntu akunda kwigunga no kutegera abandi, rimwe na rimwe akaba yanarwara indwara z’umubiri.
Hari ibindi bimenyetso by’uburwayi bwo mu mutwe buzwi nka bipolar disorder birangwa no kubona umuntu ubifite ahindura uko yiyumvaga mu kanya nk’ako guhumbya. Mu mwanya umwe ukabona yari yishimye yizihiwe cyane ariko mu gahe gato ukabona arahindutse arababaye agize agahinda cyane.Ibi kandi byiyongeraho ibibazo byo mu mutwe biza ku rubyiruko byerekeye ingeso n’imyitwarire mibi yerekeye imirire (eating disorders). Ibi bibamo icyitwa anorexia nervosa aho usanga umuntu ahangayikishijwe n’imiterere y’umubiri we akajya yibona nk’aho abyibushye bikabije kandi rimwe na rimwe atari ko bimeze. Anorexia nervosa ishobora gutera uburwayi nk’ubw’umutima, imirire mibi rimwe na rimwe ikaba yanatera urupfu.
Bimwe mu byakwereka ko ukeneye kujya kwa muganga kuko ubuzima bwawe bwo mu mutwe bushobora kuba butameze neza
• Kwitaza inshuti n’abavandimwe bo mu muryango ukumva ntushaka kubegera nk’uko byahoze
• Impinduka mu mirire no mu buryo uryama ukanasinzira
• Ibikorwa byo kwiyangiriza umubiri, no kwikomeretsa
• Ibitekerezo byo kwiyahura
• Kumva wifuza gukoresha ibiyobyabwenge n’inzoga
• Kutongera gushimishwa n’ibintu wari usanzwe ukunda
• Umusaruro muke ku kazi no ku ishuri
• Ibibazo mu mibanire yawe n’abandi ndetse no mu rukundo
Niba ufite kimwe muri ibi bimenyetso cyangwa ukaba uzi ubifite kandi bikaba bimaze igihe nibura kitari mu nsi y’icyumweru, ni ingenzi cyane ko wajya kwa muganga cyangwa ugasanga indi nzobere ku buzima bwo mu mutwe vuba na bwangu bishoboka.Gusuzumwa no kwivuza hakiri kare bikora itandukaniro mu kwita no kuvura umuntu ufite ibibazo byo mu mutwe. Bumwe mu buryo bwo kwitaho no kuvura abafite ibibazo byo mu mutwe habamo kubaganiriza no kubaha inama (therapy), guhabwa imiti (medication) kujya mu matsinda y’abafite ibibazo nk’ibyawe ngo muhumurizanye (support groups) uramutse ubigiriwemo inama na muganga.